The IJASR maintains an uncompromising stance against plagiarism in all its forms. Plagiarism, whether intentional or unintentional, undermines the foundation of scientific discourse and erodes the trust that the scientific community and the public place in published research. We consider plagiarism to include, but not be limited to, the reproduction of another's ideas, text, data, or images without appropriate acknowledgment, as well as self-plagiarism where authors recycle substantial portions of their previously published work without proper citation.

All manuscripts submitted to the journal undergo rigorous plagiarism screening using established detection software before being considered for peer review. Our editorial team examines each submission carefully to identify any instances of textual overlap, improper paraphrasing, or inadequate attribution. Authors are expected to ensure that their work represents genuine original scholarship and that all sources have been properly acknowledged through accurate citations and references.

Should plagiarism be detected at any stage of the publication process, whether during initial screening, peer review, or after publication, the journal will take immediate and decisive action. Manuscripts found to contain plagiarised material will be rejected without further consideration. In cases where plagiarism is discovered after publication, the article will be retracted, and a notice of retraction will be published to alert the scientific community.

The IJASR is dedicated to promoting ethical conduct throughout the research and publication process. We recognise that the advancement of scientific knowledge depends upon the integrity of those who conduct, review, and publish scientific work. Our journal adheres to the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and expects all parties involved in the publication process to act in accordance with these standards.

Transparency forms the cornerstone of ethical research practice. Authors must provide complete and honest accounts of their research methods, findings, and any limitations inherent in their work. Selective reporting of results, manipulation of data to achieve desired outcomes, or concealment of findings that do not support the authors' hypotheses constitute serious breaches of publication ethics.

Disclosure of conflicts of interest is mandatory for all submissions. Authors must declare any financial relationships, institutional affiliations, personal associations, or other circumstances that could be perceived as influencing the objectivity of their research or its interpretation.

Research involving human participants must be conducted in accordance with the principles set forth in the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and must have received approval from an appropriate ethics committee or institutional review board prior to commencement.

The credibility of scientific research rests upon the accuracy and reliability of the data upon which it is based. The IJASR is committed to publishing research that meets the highest standards of data integrity. Authors bear primary responsibility for ensuring that the data presented in their manuscripts are accurate, complete, and verifiable.

We expect authors to maintain comprehensive records of their research data and to be prepared to provide access to raw data upon request. Transparent reporting of methodology, including statistical analyses, is essential to allow readers and reviewers to assess the validity of the findings.

In cases where questions arise regarding the accuracy or integrity of published data, authors may be required to provide the editorial board with access to their original data sets for verification purposes. Failure to comply with such requests, or the discovery of data fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate manipulation, will result in rejection of the manuscript or retraction of published articles.

The IJASR employs a double-blind peer review system to ensure the fair and objective evaluation of all submitted manuscripts. Under this system, the identities of both authors and reviewers are concealed throughout the review process, thereby minimising potential bias and allowing manuscripts to be judged solely on their scientific merit.

Upon submission, manuscripts that pass initial editorial screening for scope and quality are assigned to reviewers with relevant expertise in the subject matter. Reviewers are asked to evaluate the originality, scientific validity, methodological rigour, and practical relevance of the work.

Reviewers are expected to maintain confidentiality regarding the manuscripts they evaluate and to declare any conflicts of interest that might compromise their objectivity. They should provide constructive criticism that helps authors improve their work and should complete their reviews in a timely manner.

The IJASR adheres to the authorship criteria established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Authorship carries with it both credit and responsibility, and it is essential that this designation be reserved for those who have made genuine intellectual contributions to the work.

To qualify for authorship, an individual must have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the study, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; participated in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; given final approval of the version to be published; and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

The practice of honorary or guest authorship, whereby individuals are included as authors without having made sufficient contributions, is unacceptable and constitutes a breach of publication ethics. Similarly, the exclusion of individuals who have made qualifying contributions is inappropriate.

The IJASR is committed to adhering to internationally recognised standards and guidelines for ethical publishing and reporting in scientific research: